Device and method for forming metal plate by using high-energy electric pulse to drive energetic materials

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure discloses a device and a method for forming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive an energetic material. The device includes high-energy pulse discharge equipment, an intelligent robot arm control system, a vacuum pumping device, a hydraulic press, a forming die, positive and negative electrodes, an energetic rod, and liquid supply equipment. According to the present disclosure, energy of a metal wire is added to energy of an energetic material after energy release to implement high-rate forming of the plate. A discharge voltage of the high-energy pulse discharge equipment is reduced and a service life thereof is prolonged. The discharge equipment is triggered by the manufactured small-size electric pulse metal wire, thereby reducing a volume and costs of the equipment and miniaturizing the equipment to implement precise operating, forming, and intelligent integration with the robot arm control system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No.201911307468.4, which was filed 18 Dec. 2019 and is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of plastic formingof a metal plate, and in particular, to a device and a method forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to driveenergetic materials (EMs).

BACKGROUND

The development of intelligent and high-end manufacturing imposesincreasingly higher technical requirements on complex parts, especiallyon production and manufacturing of some difficult-to-form metalmaterials (such as aluminum alloy 7A09, aluminum alloy 2024, magnesiumalloy AZ31, and titanium alloy TC4) at room temperature. Due to poorformability of the difficult-to-form materials, it is difficult to formparts with complex shapes at room temperature. Although formability ofmetal plates can be improved during heating, the working process takes along time and high costs, which is not conducive to actual productionand manufacturing. Thus, it is difficult to implement intelligentautomatic production. Explosive forming, electrohydraulic forming, andelectromagnetic forming are high-rate forming methods for significantlyimproving a plastic deformation ability of metal. In comparison with atraditional forming method, high-rate forming can be used with a simpledie structure, short forming time, and low costs. However, explosiveforming is greatly limited by safety of explosive storage and processimplementation. Electrohydraulic forming can improve a forming limit anda plastic deformation ability of materials. However, when adifficult-to-deform plate has a large deformation area and requires alarge local deformation, discharge energy of traditionalelectrohydraulic forming cannot meet the requirements, resulting in asmall degree of deformation and low forming precision of the complexparts. Thus, actual technical requirements of the product cannot be met.The discharge energy can be increased by increasing a discharge voltage,but a discharge loop current sharply increases if the voltage is blindlyincreased. Consequently, equipment works in a high load state, safety ofthe discharge process is reduced, and a service life of the equipment isshortened. Although electromagnetic forming belongs to high-rateforming, electromagnetic forming can be applied to onlyhigh-conductivity plates (such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy), andalso encounters problems of uneven distribution of electromagnetic forceand poor modeling of small fillets. In addition, different parts requirecorresponding coils during forming due to poor applicability of thecoils, thereby increasing costs.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides exemplary devices and exemplary methodsfor forming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to driveenergetic materials (EMs), to resolve the problems in the prior art.Embodiments of the disclosure effectively combines electrohydraulicforming with EMs to achieve energy level spanning, thereby reducing adischarge voltage of high-energy pulse equipment and prolonging aservice life of the equipment. In addition, the exemplary embodimentscan precisely form a difficult-to-form metal plate at room temperature,so that intelligent manufacturing is easily implemented.

To achieve the above purpose, the present disclosure provides thefollowing technical solutions: A device for forming a metal plate byusing a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, including an upper die,a lower die, and a high-energy pulse forming system, where the upper dieincludes an upper die plate, a forming die, and a die fixing plate, thelower die includes a lower die plate, a liquid storage chamber, and aliquid chamber fixing plate, the forming die is fixed on the upper dieplate through the die fixing plate, and the forming die is provided withan exhaust vent connected to an external vacuum pump; the liquid storagechamber is fixed on the liquid chamber fixing plate, the liquid chamberfixing plate is fixed on the lower die plate, positive and negativeelectrodes are fixed and assembled on two sides of the liquid storagechamber connected to liquid supply equipment, and an energetic rod isarranged between the positive and negative electrodes connected to thehigh-energy pulse forming system through a lead-out wire; and the upperdie plate and the lower die plate are fitted and mounted through a guidesleeve and a guide post.

Preferably, the guide sleeve mounted on the upper die plate is fittedwith the guide post mounted on the lower die plate, the guide sleeve ismounted on the upper die plate through interference fit, the guide postis mounted on the lower die plate through interference fit, andclearance fit is adopted between the guide post and the guide sleeve.

Preferably, the forming die is a plate forming cavity, and adifficult-to-form metal plate is placed in a recessed sub-port of theforming die.

Preferably, the liquid storage chamber is in a stepped shape, threadedholes are preset on the two sides of the liquid storage chamber, aninsulation sleeve is mounted outside the positive and negativeelectrodes, and the insulation sleeve is fixed in the threaded holes onthe two sides of the liquid storage chamber through a threaded steelsleeve.

Preferably, a contact area between the forming die and the liquidstorage chamber is provided with a first sealing ring, a contact areabetween the insulation sleeve and the threaded steel sleeve is providedwith a second sealing ring, and a contact area between the insulationsleeve and the liquid storage chamber is provided with a third sealingring.

Preferably, terminals of the positive and negative electrodes are allprovided with a pinball device for locking an end of a metal wire at twoends of the energetic rod.

Preferably, the energetic rod includes EMs, a metal wire, an insulationtube, and an end plug, the prepared energetic material is packed intothe insulation tube, and two ends of the insulation tube are sealedthrough gluing by the end plug to form the energetic rod; a diameter ofthe metal wire in the energetic rod is 0.1-1.0 mm and an effectivedischarge length is 20-200 mm; and the EMs are mainly formed by mixingtwo or more of aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate,copper oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and nickel powder in proportion.

The present disclosure provides a method for forming a metal plate byusing a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, applied to theabove-mentioned device for forming a metal plate by using a high-energyelectric pulse to drive EMs and including the following steps:

step 1: programming an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rodbetween positive and negative electrodes, where a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire at two ends of the energetic rod;and using the robot arm to clamp a plate and place the plate in aspecified position of a liquid storage chamber, where a first sealingring is used between the plate and the liquid storage chamber forsealing;

step 2: performing die fixing by using a die fixing plate and a liquidchamber fixing plate through a fastening bolt, performing die assemblingby using an upper die plate and a lower die plate through a guide postand a guide sleeve, and presetting a certain die clamping force for adie by using a hydraulic press;

step 3: checking a connection status between a vacuum pump and a formingdie, a connection status between a liquid filling interface and liquidsupply equipment, and a connection status between a discharge electrodeand high-energy pulse discharge equipment;

step 4: starting the vacuum pump such that a cavity of the forming dieis in a certain vacuum state;

step 5: opening the liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storagechamber with a certain amount of liquid through the liquid fillinginterface;

step 6: checking a connection status of a line, and if the line is “on”,performing electric discharge machining;

step 7: closing a charging switch such that a high-voltage power sourcecharges a discharge capacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier anda current limiting resistor, and after a preset voltage is reached,disconnecting the charging switch, and opening a discharge triggersignal source to control an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge theenergetic rod;

step 8: after the discharge is completed, opening a drain interface torecover liquid; and

step 9: starting the hydraulic press for die sinking, and performingpicking by using the robot arm to form the entire plate.

Preferably, the die in step 2 is mounted on the universal hydraulicpress, liquid during the entire forming process is supplied by theexternal liquid supply equipment, and liquid in the liquid storagechamber flows back into an effluent treatment system through the draininterface, and then flows into the liquid supply equipment afterelectrolysis, filtration, and deposition, so that the liquid in theliquid storage chamber is gradually renewed and re-circulated; and

the liquid supply equipment in step 3 is filled with normal-temperaturewater and a volume of the water is the same as a volume of the liquidstorage chamber; and a parameter selection range of the high-energypulse discharge equipment is: a discharge capacitance is 1-2000 μF, anda discharge voltage is 1-30 kV.

Preferably, an energy release reaction process of the energetic rod instep 7 is: the capacitor bank of the high-voltage pulse equipment ischarged to the preset voltage, the discharge trigger signal source isopened to control the auxiliary discharge gap to be connected such thata high-energy pulse current flows into the metal wire through thepositive and negative electrodes, the metal wire is short-circuitedunder the action of the high-energy pulse current and is instantaneouslyheated up, melted, and vaporized to generate nano-scale high-temperatureplasma, and the plasma quickly enters a gap of the EMs to ignite andthen trigger the EMs to release energy; the metal wire explodes and theEMs quickly releases a large amount of energy and generates a powerfulshock wave, chemical energy, and thermal energy to act on water, andbecause water is incompressible, after high kinetic energy is obtained,the high kinetic energy acts on the difficult-to-form metal plate tocomplete plastic forming of the plate.

The present disclosure achieves the following technical effects comparedwith the prior art:

The present disclosure provides a technology for precisely forming adifficult-to-form metal plate by coupling a metal wire with EMs.Therefore, embodiments of the present disclosure resolves problems ofuneven distribution of magnetic field force and poor coil applicabilityin traditional electromagnetic forming; and overcomes disadvantages oftraditional electrohydraulic forming and energy release (application) ofEMs.

Disadvantages of electrohydraulic forming: An energy level of equipmentcan be increased by increasing a discharge voltage. However, when higherenergy is required, an excessive voltage causes an energy storagecapacitance of the equipment to increase and a discharge loop current toincrease, and the equipment is in high load. Thus, testing risk isincreased and a service life of the equipment is shortened.Disadvantages in application of the EMs: Traditional EMs (such asexplosives) have a high energy level and are dangerous, and thereforecannot be promoted due to restrictions on a working place, testconditions, and safety. In the present disclosure, advantages ofelectrohydraulic forming are employed. As an energy transfer medium,water is green, environmentally friendly, clean, and easy to clean andrecycle. Because water is incompressible, after the water is applied toforming of parts, the workpiece is of good surface quality, no obviousscratches, a good modeling effect, no lubrication, simple tooling, ashort cycle, and a high level of automation.

In the present disclosure, energy of a metal wire is added to energy ofEMs after energy release, which is a new high-rate forming technologyfor a difficult-to-form metal plate to implement high-rate forming ofmaterials. A small-dose, safe, and controllable energetic rod ismanufactured, and energy release is triggered through the low-voltagemetal wire to achieve energy level spanning, so that the equipment issafe and controllable. The two kinds of energy can work jointly toachieve high-rate forming, thereby improving forming precision and aplastic deformation ability of the difficult-to-form plate. In addition,embodiments of the present disclosure belong to the field ofelectrohydraulic forming, and is not limited by material conductivity.Therefore, complex environmentally-friendly parts of small springback,high dying precision, and high surface precision can be formed withoutrequiring lubrication, and automated manufacturing can be implemented.This is a new technology with great development potential.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the presentinvention or in the prior art more clearly, the following brieflyintroduces the accompanying drawings required for describing theembodiments. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the followingdescription show merely some embodiments of the present invention, and aperson of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings fromthese accompanying drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for forming a metal plate byusing a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMs;

FIG. 2 is a schematic overall diagram of an energetic rod;

FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a junction between an energetic rodand an electrode;

FIG. 4 is a front view and a top view of a die;

FIG. 5 is a front view and a top view of a liquid storage chamber;

FIG. 6 is a front view and a top view of a bulge on an outer doorhandle; and

FIG. 7 is a front view and a top view of a double-layer drawing box ofan aluminium alloy plate.

1. Vacuum pump; 2. Upper die plate; 3. Guide sleeve; 4. Guide post; 5.Die fixing plate; 6. Fastening bolt; 7. Die; 8. Plate; 9. First sealingring; 10. Liquid filling interface; 11. Negative electrode; 12. Liquidstorage chamber; 13. Liquid chamber fixing plate; 14. Lower die plate;15. Energetic rod; 15-1. End plug; 15-2. Metal wire; 15-3. EMs; 15-4.Insulation tube; 16. Drain interface; 17. Insulation sleeve; 18. Secondsealing ring; 19. Third sealing ring; 20. Positive electrode; 21.Threaded steel sleeve; 22. Trigger signal source; 23. Auxiliarydischarge gap; 24. Capacitor bank; 25. Charging switch; 26. Currentlimiting resistor; 27. Rectifier; 28. High-voltage charging powersource; 29. Intelligent robot arm controller.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutionsin the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference toaccompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure.Apparently, the described embodiments are merely a part rather than allof the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodimentsobtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on theembodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fallwithin the protection scope of the present invention.

The present disclosure provides a device and a method for forming ametal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, toresolve the problems in the prior art. Therefore, electrohydraulicforming is effectively combined with EMs to achieve energy levelspanning, thereby reducing a discharge voltage of high-energy pulseequipment and prolonging a service life of the equipment. In addition, adifficult-to-form metal plate can be precisely formed at roomtemperature, so that intelligent manufacturing is easily implemented.

In order to make the above objects, features, and advantages of thepresent disclosure more apparent, the present disclosure will be furtherdescribed in detail in connection with the accompanying drawings and thedetailed description.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 7, the present disclosure provides a devicefor forming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to driveEMs, including a forming die, high-energy pulse discharge equipment, anintelligent robot arm controller 29, a vacuum pumping device, ahydraulic press, and liquid supply equipment.

The forming die is divided into an upper die and a lower die. The upperdie includes an upper die plate 2, a forming die 7, a die fixing plate5, a fastening bolt 6, a vacuum pump 1, and a guide sleeve 3. The lowerdie includes a lower die plate 14, a liquid chamber fixing plate 13, aliquid storage chamber 12, a first sealing ring 9, a fastening bolt 6, apositive electrode 20, a negative electrode 11, an insulation sleeve 17,second and third sealing rings, a threaded steel sleeve 21, a liquidfilling interface 10, a drain interface 16, liquid water, a guide post4, and an energetic rod 15.

The forming die 7 of the die is a forming cavity of a plate 8. Theforming die 7 is fixed on the upper die plate 2 by the fastening bolt 6through the die fixing plate 5. The guide sleeve 3 mounted on the upperdie plate 2 is fitted with the guide post 4 mounted on the lower dieplate 14 to perform guiding, thereby ensuring position precision of theupper die and the lower die. A mounting standard is that the guidesleeve 3 is mounted on the upper die plate 2 through interference fit,the guide post 4 is mounted on the lower die plate 14 throughinterference fit, and clearance fit is adopted between the guide sleeve3 and the guide post 4. In addition, the die 7 is provided with anexhaust vent and is connected to the external vacuum pump 1 to evacuatethe die 7. The difficult-to-form plate 8 is placed in a recessedsub-port of the die 7, and the first sealing ring 9 between the die 7and the liquid storage chamber 12 performs a water medium sealingfunction. When the hydraulic press provides a certain die clampingforce, an annular area corresponding to the liquid storage chamber andthe die 7 serves as a blank holder to control plastic deformation.

The liquid storage chamber 12 is connected to the liquid supplyequipment through the liquid filling interface 10. The liquid storagechamber 12 is in a stepped shape and is fixed on the liquid chamberfixing plate 13 through steps. The liquid chamber fixing plate 13 isfixed on the lower die plate 14 through the fastening bolt 6. Threadedholes are preset on two sides of the liquid storage chamber 12, and thepositive and negative electrodes are fixedly assembled. The insulationsleeve 17 is mounted outside the electrodes, and is fixed in thethreaded holes on the two sides of the liquid storage chamber 12 throughthe threaded steel sleeve 21. To ensure a sealing effect, contactportions between the steel sleeve, the insulation sleeve 17, and theliquid storage chamber 12 are provided with the second and third sealingrings. A pinball device is arranged at terminals of the positive andnegative electrodes for locking an end of a metal wire 15-2 at two endsof the energetic rod 15 placed by a robot arm. The positive and negativeelectrodes are connected to a high-energy pulse forming system through alead-out wire outside the liquid storage chamber.

A diameter of the metal wire 15-2 in the energetic rod 15 is 0.1-1.0 mmand an effective discharge length is 20-200 mm. Prepared EMs 15-3 arepacked into an insulation tube of a certain length, and two ends aresealed through gluing by an end plug 15-1. The pinball device is mountedin a discharge portion of the positive and negative electrodes (thepositive and negative electrodes are provided with a cylindricalstraight hole with a depth of 3 cm) and mainly includes a spring, ametal ball, and a threaded ferrule. One end of the spring is connectedto the metal ball through welding, and the connected spring and ball areplaced in the cylindrical straight hole at the ends of the positive andnegative electrodes and then are screwed into the electrode terminalsthrough the threaded ferrule (with an internal thread) to fix the ball(the spring has a certain amount of compression in this case) tomanufacture the pinball device. Working principle of the pinball device:When the energetic rod 15 is placed by the robot arm, after arc groovesat two ends of the energetic rod 15 is in contact with the metal ball atthe positive and negative electrodes, the metal ball is pressed tocompress the spring to contract. When the energetic rod 15 is placed ona central axis of the positive and negative electrodes, the metal balllocks the energetic rod 15 under the action of elastic potential energyof the spring.

A method for forming a metal plate 8 of EMs 15-3 driven by a high-energyelectric pulse includes the following steps:

Step 1: Program an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rod 15between positive and negative electrodes, where a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire 15-2 at two ends of the energeticrod 15; and use the robot arm to clamp the plate 8 and place the plate 8in a specified position of a liquid storage chamber 12, where a firstsealing ring 9 is used between the plate 8 and the liquid storagechamber 12 for sealing.

Step 2: Perform die fixing by using a die fixing plate 5 and a liquidchamber fixing plate 13 through a fastening bolt 6, perform dieassembling by using an upper die plate 2 and a lower die plate 14through a guide post 4 and a guide sleeve 3, and preset a certain dieclamping force for a die by using a hydraulic press.

Step 3: Check a connection status between a vacuum pump 1 and a die 7, aconnection status between a liquid filling interface 10 and liquidsupply equipment, and a connection status between a discharge electrodeand high-energy pulse discharge equipment.

Step 4: Start the vacuum pump 1 such that a cavity of the die 7 is in acertain vacuum state.

Step 5: Open the liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storagechamber 12 with a certain amount of liquid through the liquid fillinginterface 10.

Step 6: Check a connection status of a line using a multimeter, and ifthe line is “on”, perform electric discharge machining.

Step 7: Close a charging switch 25 such that a high-voltage power sourcecharges a discharge capacitor bank 24 through a high-voltage rectifier27 and a current limiting resistor 26, and after a preset voltage isreached, disconnect the charging switch 25, and open a discharge triggersignal source 22 to control an auxiliary discharge gap 23 to dischargethe energetic rod 15.

Step 8: After the discharge is completed, open a drain interface 16 torecover liquid.

Step 9: Start the hydraulic press for die sinking, and perform pickingby using the robot arm to form the entire plate 8.

The positive and negative electrodes in step 1 are provided withexternal threads. The insulation sleeve 17 and the electrode are fixedthrough screw connection and interference fit. The electrode and theinsulation sleeve 17 are fixed on the liquid storage chamber 12 througha threaded steel sleeve 21, and a contact area between the steel sleeveand the insulation sleeve 17 is provided with a second sealing ring 18and a third sealing ring 19 to seal liquid in the liquid storage chamber12. The energetic rod 15 in step 1 mainly includes the EMs 15-3, themetal wire 15-2, an insulation tube 15-4, and an end plug 15-1. The EMs15-3 is mainly formed by mixing two or more of aluminum powder, ammoniumnitrate, ammonium perchlorate, copper oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene,and nickel powder in proportion.

The die in step 2 is mounted on the universal hydraulic press, liquidduring the entire forming process is supplied by the external liquidsupply equipment, and liquid in the liquid storage chamber 12 flows backinto an effluent treatment system through the drain interface 16, andthen flows into the liquid supply equipment after electrolysis,filtration, and deposition, so that the liquid in the liquid storagechamber 12 is gradually renewed and re-circulated.

The liquid supply equipment in step 3 is filled with normal-temperaturewater and a volume of the water is the same as a volume of the liquidstorage chamber 12. A parameter selection range of the high-energy pulsedischarge equipment is: a discharge capacitance is 1-2000 μF, and adischarge voltage is 1-30 kV.

An energy release reaction process of the energetic rod 15 in step 7 is:the capacitor bank 24 of the high-voltage pulse equipment is charged bya high-voltage charging power source 28 to the preset voltage, thedischarge trigger signal source 22 is opened to control the auxiliarydischarge gap 23 to be connected such that a high-energy pulse currentflows into the metal wire 15-2 through the positive and negativeelectrodes, the metal wire 15-2 is short-circuited under the action ofthe high-energy pulse current and is instantaneously heated up, melted,and vaporized to generate nano-scale high-temperature plasma, and theplasma quickly enters a gap of the EMs 15-3 to ignite and then triggerthe EMs 15-3 to release energy. The metal wire 15-2 explodes and the EMs15-3 quickly releases a large amount of energy and generates a powerfulshock wave, chemical energy, and thermal energy to act on water. Becausewater is incompressible, after high kinetic energy is obtained, the highkinetic energy acts on the difficult-to-form metal plate 8 to completeplastic forming of the plate 8.

The metal plate 8 obtained in step 9 is not subjected to processes suchas pre-heating treatment and subsequent shaping.

To overcome the disadvantages such as poor plasticity of thedifficult-to-form metal sheet 8 at room temperature, the presentdisclosure provides the method for forming a metal plate 8 of EMs 15-3driven by a high-energy electric pulse metal wire 15-2. Based onelectrohydraulic forming, great improvements and innovations have beenmade. An impact load is applied to the plate 8 through an energy addingeffect of explosion of the metal wire 15-2 and energy release of the EMs15-3, thereby implementing high-rate deformation. According to thepresent disclosure, electrohydraulic forming is effectively combinedwith the EMs 15-3 to achieve energy level spanning, thereby reducing adischarge voltage of high-energy pulse equipment and prolonging aservice life of the equipment. In addition, the difficult-to-form metalsheet 8 can be precisely formed at room temperature, so that intelligentmanufacturing is easily realized. Therefore, the present disclosure hasimportant theoretical significance and broad application prospects.

Embodiment 1

In this example, a material of a bulge at a recessed area of an outerdoor handle of an automotive covering part is an advanced high-strengthsteel plate DP600 with a thickness of 1.0 mm, a maximum contour size ofa deformed area is about 120 mm, a maximum height of the bulge is 12 mm,a radius of a fillet is 2 mm, and a cross section is ellipsoidal. TheEMs 15-3 in the energetic rod 15 is an energetic mixture made ofaluminum powder with a particle size of 1-3 μm and ammonium nitrate witha particle size of 100-140 μm through mechanical mixing according to aratio of (20-40%):(80-60%). The metal wire 15-2 is an aluminum wire witha diameter of 0.1-1.0 mm, the insulation tube is an organic glass tubewith an inner diameter of 8 mm, a wall thickness of 1 mm, and a lengthof 35 mm, and a material of the end plug 15-1 is nylon. The energeticrod 15 is made of the above materials by combining A and B glues throughglue sealing. Because the automobile covering part is a thin sheet,there are technical problems such as poor modeling of the fillet, andother forming processes are difficult to achieve. For large springbackand precise modeling, parts formed in this method are well modeled. Inthis way, springback is small, and modeling clearance is 0.1 mm, so thatthe precision requirement is met.

Embodiment 2

A double-layer drawing box of an aluminium alloy plate 8 ofhigh-strength aerospace materials 2055 has a thickness of 3 mm and amaximum drawing depth of 20 mm. The sheet 8 has a length of 320 mm and awidth of 280 mm. A bottom section of a drawing deformation area is arectangle with a size of 180 mm×160 mm, and a radius of a fillet is 6mm. A top section of the deformation area is 100 mm×100 mm, and a radiusof the fillet is 3 mm For the EMs 15-3 in the energetic rod 15, aluminumpowder with a particle size of 1-3 μm and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTPE)with a particle size of 500 nm are simply mixed according to a ratio of(30-50%):(70-50%), mechanically alloyed on a ball mill, then placed in avacuum drying box at 40° C. for 30 minutes, and finally produced anenergetic mixture. The metal wire 15-2 is a copper wire with a diameterof 0.1-0.8 mm, the insulation tube is an organic glass tube with aninner diameter of 10 mm, a wall thickness of 1 mm, and a length of 60mm, and the end plug 15-1 is nylon. The energetic rod 15 is made of theabove materials by combining A and B glues for testing. In traditionalhigh-rate forming methods such as electromagnetic forming, efficiency islow and springback is large. In electrohydraulic forming, energy is low,and a forming effect is poor, thereby making it difficult to die partsdue to insufficient energy. This method can greatly improve formingefficiency. Because discharge forming of the electric pulse-driven EMs15-3 can achieve high-rate forming and has high energy, a forming limitis increased and springback is reduced to meet dying precision.

Several examples are used for illustration of the principles andimplementation methods of the present invention. The description of theembodiments is used to help illustrate the method and its coreprinciples of the present invention. In addition, those skilled in theart can make various modifications in terms of specific embodiments andscope of application in accordance with the teachings of the presentinvention. In conclusion, the content of this specification shall not beconstrued as a limitation to the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive energetic materials (EMs),comprising: an upper die; a lower die; and a high-energy pulse formingsystem, wherein the upper die comprises an upper die plate, a formingdie, and a die fixing plate, the lower die comprises a lower die plate,a liquid storage chamber, and a liquid chamber fixing plate, the formingdie is fixed on the upper die plate through the die fixing plate, andthe forming die is provided with an exhaust vent connected to anexternal vacuum pump; the liquid storage chamber is fixed on the liquidchamber fixing plate, the liquid chamber fixing plate is fixed on thelower die plate, positive and negative electrodes are fixed andassembled on two sides of the liquid storage chamber connected to liquidsupply equipment, and an energetic rod is arranged between the positiveand negative electrodes connected to the high-energy pulse formingsystem through a lead-out wire; and the upper die plate and the lowerdie plate are fitted and mounted through a guide sleeve and a guidepost.
 2. The device for forming a metal plate by using a high-energyelectric pulse to drive EMs according to claim 1, wherein the guidesleeve mounted on the upper die plate is fitted with the guide postmounted on the lower die plate, the guide sleeve is mounted on the upperdie plate through interference fit, the guide post is mounted on thelower die plate through interference fit, and clearance fit is adoptedbetween the guide post and the guide sleeve.
 3. The device for forming ametal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMs accordingto claim 1, wherein the forming die is a plate forming cavity, and adifficult-to-form metal plate is placed in a recessed sub-port of theforming die.
 4. The device for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs according to claim 1, whereinthe liquid storage chamber is in a stepped shape, threaded holes arepreset on the two sides of the liquid storage chamber, an insulationsleeve is mounted outside the positive and negative electrodes, and theinsulation sleeve is fixed in the threaded holes on the two sides of theliquid storage chamber through a threaded steel sleeve.
 5. The devicefor forming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to driveEMs according to claim 4, wherein a contact area between the forming dieand the liquid storage chamber is provided with a first sealing ring, acontact area between the insulation sleeve and the threaded steel sleeveis provided with a second sealing ring, and a contact area between theinsulation sleeve and the liquid storage chamber is provided with athird sealing ring.
 6. The device for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs according to claim 1, whereinterminals of the positive and negative electrodes are all provided witha pinball device for locking an end of a metal wire at two ends of theenergetic rod.
 7. The device for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs according to claim 1, whereinthe energetic rod comprises EMs, a metal wire, an insulation tube, andan end plug, the prepared EMs are packed into the insulation tube, andtwo ends of the insulation tube are sealed through gluing by the endplug to form the energetic rod; a diameter of the metal wire in theenergetic rod is 0.1-1.0 mm and an effective discharge length is 20-200mm; and the EMs are mainly formed by mixing two or more of aluminumpowder, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, copper oxide,polytetrafluoroethylene, and nickel powder in proportion.
 8. A methodfor forming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to driveEMs, applied to the device for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs according to claim 1 andcomprising the following steps: step 1: programming an intelligent robotarm to place an energetic rod between positive and negative electrodes,wherein a pinball device at two electrode terminals locks a metal wireat two ends of the energetic rod; and using the robot arm to clamp aplate and place the plate in a specified position of a liquid storagechamber, wherein a first sealing ring is used between the plate and theliquid storage chamber for sealing; step 2: performing die fixing byusing a die fixing plate and a liquid chamber fixing plate through afastening bolt, performing die assembling by using an upper die plateand a lower die plate through a guide post and a guide sleeve, andpresetting a certain die clamping force for a die by using a hydraulicpress; step 3: checking a connection status between a vacuum pump and aforming die, a connection status between a liquid filling interface andliquid supply equipment, and a connection status between a dischargeelectrode and high-energy pulse discharge equipment; step 4: startingthe vacuum pump such that a cavity of the forming die is in a certainvacuum state; step 5: opening the liquid supply equipment to fill theliquid storage chamber with a certain amount of liquid through theliquid filling interface; step 6: checking a connection status of aline, and if the line is “on”, performing electric discharge machining;step 7: closing a charging switch such that a high-voltage power sourcecharges a discharge capacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier anda current limiting resistor, and after a preset voltage is reached,disconnecting the charging switch, and opening a discharge triggersignal source to control an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge theenergetic rod; step 8: after the discharge is completed, opening a draininterface to recover liquid; and step 9: starting the hydraulic pressfor die sinking, and performing picking by using the robot arm to formthe entire plate.
 9. A method for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, applied to the device forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 2 and comprising the following steps: step 1:programming an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rod betweenpositive and negative electrodes, wherein a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire at two ends of the energetic rod;and using the robot arm to clamp a plate and place the plate in aspecified position of a liquid storage chamber, wherein a first sealingring is used between the plate and the liquid storage chamber forsealing; step 2: performing die fixing by using a die fixing plate and aliquid chamber fixing plate through a fastening bolt, performing dieassembling by using an upper die plate and a lower die plate through aguide post and a guide sleeve, and presetting a certain die clampingforce for a die by using a hydraulic press; step 3: checking aconnection status between a vacuum pump and a forming die, a connectionstatus between a liquid filling interface and liquid supply equipment,and a connection status between a discharge electrode and high-energypulse discharge equipment; step 4: starting the vacuum pump such that acavity of the forming die is in a certain vacuum state; step 5: openingthe liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storage chamber with acertain amount of liquid through the liquid filling interface; step 6:checking a connection status of a line, and if the line is “on”,performing electric discharge machining; step 7: closing a chargingswitch such that a high-voltage power source charges a dischargecapacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier and a current limitingresistor, and after a preset voltage is reached, disconnecting thecharging switch, and opening a discharge trigger signal source tocontrol an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge the energetic rod; step8: after the discharge is completed, opening a drain interface torecover liquid; and step 9: starting the hydraulic press for diesinking, and performing picking by using the robot arm to form theentire plate.
 10. A method for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, applied to the device forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 3 and comprising the following steps: step 1:programming an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rod betweenpositive and negative electrodes, wherein a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire at two ends of the energetic rod;and using the robot arm to clamp a plate and place the plate in aspecified position of a liquid storage chamber, wherein a first sealingring is used between the plate and the liquid storage chamber forsealing; step 2: performing die fixing by using a die fixing plate and aliquid chamber fixing plate through a fastening bolt, performing dieassembling by using an upper die plate and a lower die plate through aguide post and a guide sleeve, and presetting a certain die clampingforce for a die by using a hydraulic press; step 3: checking aconnection status between a vacuum pump and a forming die, a connectionstatus between a liquid filling interface and liquid supply equipment,and a connection status between a discharge electrode and high-energypulse discharge equipment; step 4: starting the vacuum pump such that acavity of the forming die is in a certain vacuum state; step 5: openingthe liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storage chamber with acertain amount of liquid through the liquid filling interface; step 6:checking a connection status of a line, and if the line is “on”,performing electric discharge machining; step 7: closing a chargingswitch such that a high-voltage power source charges a dischargecapacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier and a current limitingresistor, and after a preset voltage is reached, disconnecting thecharging switch, and opening a discharge trigger signal source tocontrol an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge the energetic rod; step8: after the discharge is completed, opening a drain interface torecover liquid; and step 9: starting the hydraulic press for diesinking, and performing picking by using the robot arm to form theentire plate.
 11. A method for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, applied to the device forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 4 and comprising the following steps: step 1:programming an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rod betweenpositive and negative electrodes, wherein a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire at two ends of the energetic rod;and using the robot arm to clamp a plate and place the plate in aspecified position of a liquid storage chamber, wherein a first sealingring is used between the plate and the liquid storage chamber forsealing; step 2: performing die fixing by using a die fixing plate and aliquid chamber fixing plate through a fastening bolt, performing dieassembling by using an upper die plate and a lower die plate through aguide post and a guide sleeve, and presetting a certain die clampingforce for a die by using a hydraulic press; step 3: checking aconnection status between a vacuum pump and a forming die, a connectionstatus between a liquid filling interface and liquid supply equipment,and a connection status between a discharge electrode and high-energypulse discharge equipment; step 4: starting the vacuum pump such that acavity of the forming die is in a certain vacuum state; step 5: openingthe liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storage chamber with acertain amount of liquid through the liquid filling interface; step 6:checking a connection status of a line, and if the line is “on”,performing electric discharge machining; step 7: closing a chargingswitch such that a high-voltage power source charges a dischargecapacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier and a current limitingresistor, and after a preset voltage is reached, disconnecting thecharging switch, and opening a discharge trigger signal source tocontrol an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge the energetic rod; step8: after the discharge is completed, opening a drain interface torecover liquid; and step 9: starting the hydraulic press for diesinking, and performing picking by using the robot arm to form theentire plate.
 12. A method for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, applied to the device forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 5 and comprising the following steps: step 1:programming an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rod betweenpositive and negative electrodes, wherein a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire at two ends of the energetic rod;and using the robot arm to clamp a plate and place the plate in aspecified position of a liquid storage chamber, wherein a first sealingring is used between the plate and the liquid storage chamber forsealing; step 2: performing die fixing by using a die fixing plate and aliquid chamber fixing plate through a fastening bolt, performing dieassembling by using an upper die plate and a lower die plate through aguide post and a guide sleeve, and presetting a certain die clampingforce for a die by using a hydraulic press; step 3: checking aconnection status between a vacuum pump and a forming die, a connectionstatus between a liquid filling interface and liquid supply equipment,and a connection status between a discharge electrode and high-energypulse discharge equipment; step 4: starting the vacuum pump such that acavity of the forming die is in a certain vacuum state; step 5: openingthe liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storage chamber with acertain amount of liquid through the liquid filling interface; step 6:checking a connection status of a line, and if the line is “on”,performing electric discharge machining; step 7: closing a chargingswitch such that a high-voltage power source charges a dischargecapacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier and a current limitingresistor, and after a preset voltage is reached, disconnecting thecharging switch, and opening a discharge trigger signal source tocontrol an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge the energetic rod; step8: after the discharge is completed, opening a drain interface torecover liquid; and step 9: starting the hydraulic press for diesinking, and performing picking by using the robot arm to form theentire plate.
 13. A method for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, applied to the device forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 6 and comprising the following steps: step 1:programming an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rod betweenpositive and negative electrodes, wherein a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire at two ends of the energetic rod;and using the robot arm to clamp a plate and place the plate in aspecified position of a liquid storage chamber, wherein a first sealingring is used between the plate and the liquid storage chamber forsealing; step 2: performing die fixing by using a die fixing plate and aliquid chamber fixing plate through a fastening bolt, performing dieassembling by using an upper die plate and a lower die plate through aguide post and a guide sleeve, and presetting a certain die clampingforce for a die by using a hydraulic press; step 3: checking aconnection status between a vacuum pump and a forming die, a connectionstatus between a liquid filling interface and liquid supply equipment,and a connection status between a discharge electrode and high-energypulse discharge equipment; step 4: starting the vacuum pump such that acavity of the forming die is in a certain vacuum state; step 5: openingthe liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storage chamber with acertain amount of liquid through the liquid filling interface; step 6:checking a connection status of a line, and if the line is “on”,performing electric discharge machining; step 7: closing a chargingswitch such that a high-voltage power source charges a dischargecapacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier and a current limitingresistor, and after a preset voltage is reached, disconnecting thecharging switch, and opening a discharge trigger signal source tocontrol an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge the energetic rod; step8: after the discharge is completed, opening a drain interface torecover liquid; and step 9: starting the hydraulic press for diesinking, and performing picking by using the robot arm to form theentire plate.
 14. A method for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs, applied to the device forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 7 and comprising the following steps: step 1:programming an intelligent robot arm to place an energetic rod betweenpositive and negative electrodes, wherein a pinball device at twoelectrode terminals locks a metal wire at two ends of the energetic rod;and using the robot arm to clamp a plate and place the plate in aspecified position of a liquid storage chamber, wherein a first sealingring is used between the plate and the liquid storage chamber forsealing; step 2: performing die fixing by using a die fixing plate and aliquid chamber fixing plate through a fastening bolt, performing dieassembling by using an upper die plate and a lower die plate through aguide post and a guide sleeve, and presetting a certain die clampingforce for a die by using a hydraulic press; step 3: checking aconnection status between a vacuum pump and a forming die, a connectionstatus between a liquid filling interface and liquid supply equipment,and a connection status between a discharge electrode and high-energypulse discharge equipment; step 4: starting the vacuum pump such that acavity of the forming die is in a certain vacuum state; step 5: openingthe liquid supply equipment to fill the liquid storage chamber with acertain amount of liquid through the liquid filling interface; step 6:checking a connection status of a line, and if the line is “on”,performing electric discharge machining; step 7: closing a chargingswitch such that a high-voltage power source charges a dischargecapacitor bank through a high-voltage rectifier and a current limitingresistor, and after a preset voltage is reached, disconnecting thecharging switch, and opening a discharge trigger signal source tocontrol an auxiliary discharge gap to discharge the energetic rod; step8: after the discharge is completed, opening a drain interface torecover liquid; and step 9: starting the hydraulic press for diesinking, and performing picking by using the robot arm to form theentire plate.
 15. The method for forming a metal plate by using ahigh-energy electric pulse to drive EMs according to claim 8, whereinthe die in step 2 is mounted on the universal hydraulic press, liquidduring the entire forming process is supplied by the external liquidsupply equipment, and liquid in the liquid storage chamber flows backinto an effluent treatment system through the drain interface, and thenflows into the liquid supply equipment after electrolysis, filtration,and deposition, so that the liquid in the liquid storage chamber isgradually renewed and re-circulated; and the liquid supply equipment instep 3 is filled with normal-temperature water and a volume of the wateris the same as a volume of the liquid storage chamber; and a parameterselection range of the high-energy pulse discharge equipment is: adischarge capacitance is 1-2000 μF, and a discharge voltage is 1-30 kV.16. The method for forming a metal plate by using a high-energy electricpulse to drive EMs according to claim 9, wherein the die in step 2 ismounted on the universal hydraulic press, liquid during the entireforming process is supplied by the external liquid supply equipment, andliquid in the liquid storage chamber flows back into an effluenttreatment system through the drain interface, and then flows into theliquid supply equipment after electrolysis, filtration, and deposition,so that the liquid in the liquid storage chamber is gradually renewedand re-circulated; and the liquid supply equipment in step 3 is filledwith normal-temperature water and a volume of the water is the same as avolume of the liquid storage chamber; and a parameter selection range ofthe high-energy pulse discharge equipment is: a discharge capacitance is1-2000 μF, and a discharge voltage is 1-30 kV.
 17. The method forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 10, wherein the die in step 2 is mounted on theuniversal hydraulic press, liquid during the entire forming process issupplied by the external liquid supply equipment, and liquid in theliquid storage chamber flows back into an effluent treatment systemthrough the drain interface, and then flows into the liquid supplyequipment after electrolysis, filtration, and deposition, so that theliquid in the liquid storage chamber is gradually renewed andre-circulated; and the liquid supply equipment in step 3 is filled withnormal-temperature water and a volume of the water is the same as avolume of the liquid storage chamber; and a parameter selection range ofthe high-energy pulse discharge equipment is: a discharge capacitance is1-2000 μF, and a discharge voltage is 1-30 kV.
 18. The method forforming a metal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMsaccording to claim 8, wherein an energy release reaction process of theenergetic rod in step 7 is: the capacitor bank of the high-voltage pulseequipment is charged to the preset voltage, the discharge trigger signalsource is opened to control the auxiliary discharge gap to be connectedsuch that a high-energy pulse current flows into the metal wire throughthe positive and negative electrodes, the metal wire is short-circuitedunder the action of the high-energy pulse current and is instantaneouslyheated up, melted, and vaporized to generate nano-scale high-temperatureplasma, and the plasma quickly enters a gap of the EMs to ignite andthen trigger the EMs to release energy; the metal wire explodes and theEMs quickly releases a large amount of energy and generates a powerfulshock wave, chemical energy, and thermal energy to act on water, andbecause water is incompressible, after high kinetic energy is obtained,the high kinetic energy acts on the difficult-to-form metal plate tocomplete plastic forming of the plate.
 19. The method for forming ametal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMs accordingto claim 9, wherein an energy release reaction process of the energeticrod in step 7 is: the capacitor bank of the high-voltage pulse equipmentis charged to the preset voltage, the discharge trigger signal source isopened to control the auxiliary discharge gap to be connected such thata high-energy pulse current flows into the metal wire through thepositive and negative electrodes, the metal wire is short-circuitedunder the action of the high-energy pulse current and is instantaneouslyheated up, melted, and vaporized to generate nano-scale high-temperatureplasma, and the plasma quickly enters a gap of the EMs to ignite andthen trigger the EMs to release energy; the metal wire explodes and theEMs quickly releases a large amount of energy and generates a powerfulshock wave, chemical energy, and thermal energy to act on water, andbecause water is incompressible, after high kinetic energy is obtained,the high kinetic energy acts on the difficult-to-form metal plate tocomplete plastic forming of the plate.
 20. The method for forming ametal plate by using a high-energy electric pulse to drive EMs accordingto claim 10, wherein an energy release reaction process of the energeticrod in step 7 is: the capacitor bank of the high-voltage pulse equipmentis charged to the preset voltage, the discharge trigger signal source isopened to control the auxiliary discharge gap to be connected such thata high-energy pulse current flows into the metal wire through thepositive and negative electrodes, the metal wire is short-circuitedunder the action of the high-energy pulse current and is instantaneouslyheated up, melted, and vaporized to generate nano-scale high-temperatureplasma, and the plasma quickly enters a gap of the EMs to ignite andthen trigger the EMs to release energy; the metal wire explodes and theEMs quickly releases a large amount of energy and generates a powerfulshock wave, chemical energy, and thermal energy to act on water, andbecause water is incompressible, after high kinetic energy is obtained,the high kinetic energy acts on the difficult-to-form metal plate tocomplete plastic forming of the plate.